Foundations of finance with applications in corporate finance and investment management. Major financial decisions made by corporate managers and investors with focus on process valuation. Criteria for investment decisions, valuation of financial assets and liabilities, relationships between risks and return, market efficiency, and the valuation of derivative securities. Major corporate financial instruments including debt, equity and convertible securities. Analysis and projection of financial statements, cost elements in pricing, cost control and design of accounting systems.

Critical issues in shaping the competitive strategy for engineering-driven companies in a turbulent business environment; corporate mission; key result areas and situational analysis including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; identifying planning assumptions, critical issues, setting objectives, formulating strategy. Managing technology as a strategic resource of the firm; understanding of the process, roles and rewards of technological innovation; integrating the strategic relationship of technology with strategic planning, marketing, finance, engineering and manufacturing; government, societal and international issues; issues pertaining to cultural diversity and ethical concerns. Subjective, judgmental and expert decisions; conflict resolution in strategic decisions involving technological alternatives; hierarchical decision modeling; individual and aggregate decisions; decision discrepancies and evaluation of group disagreements.

Role of projects in organisation’s competitive strategy; Standard methodologies for managing projects; Project life cycle; Design-implementation interface; Estimating: preliminary and detailed; Contractual risk allocation; Scheduling: PBS; WBS; Integration of scope, time, resource and cost dimensions of a project; Evaluation of labor, material, equipment, and subcontract resources; Scheduling techniques including CPM/ PERT, GERT, critical chain; Solving real-world project schedules; Monte Carlo simulation; Cost budgeting; Cost baseline; Cash flow analysis; Earned value analysis; Cost control; Proposal presentation; Application of software for project management (MS Project, Primavera Project Planner - P3).

Deterministic modeling: Linear programming; The Simplex method; Multiple objective linear optimisation; Duality and sensitivity analysis; Post optimality analysis from the viewpoint of technology management; Transportation, transshipment, and assignment problems; Problem formulation; Goal programming; Network analysis; Dynamic programming; Integer programming and nonlinear programming. Probabilistic modeling: Markov chains; Queuing theory and applications; Inventory theory; Forecasting; Design analysis and simulation; Pareto optimality and tradeoff curves.

Critical principles and procedures of quality management in a competitive global environment; contemporary definitions of quality; construction quality; Product quality; Process quality; Quality economics; Quality philosophies; Planning, organising and controlling for quality; Human resource strategies; QA and QC tools.

Evaluation of engineering projects from the engineering management perspective; Techniques for capital investment for decision-making; Time value of money and the concept of equivalence; Present worth, annual and rate of return analysis; Multiple alternatives; Replacement criteria; Tax considerations; Breakeven sensitivity analysis; Project evaluations under uncertainty; Risk sharing; Capital budgeting; Cost of capital depreciation; Multicriteria decisions. Project feasibility analysis; Organisational impacts; societal impacts; Environmental impacts.

Research methods in engineering and technology management; Statistical techniques including proper selection; Use and interpretation of parametric and non-parametric tests along with factor and discriminate analysis; Design of experiments and model misspecification; Simulation in engineering and management research and practice

Introduction, History of water resources planning and development, Importance of water resources planning, Planning objectives, Protocols employed at local, provincial, federal, regional and international levels, Investigation data and analysis, Demand projection, Water productivity parasites and constraints, Land-Water-Human resources interaction, Plan formulation, evaluation and approval, Comprehensive regional planning, Stakeholder involvement in water resources planning, Social and environmental impact assessment, Institutional arrangements for planning and implementation, Engineering economy in water resources planning, Introduction to surface water / groundwater / conjunctive water management.

Sources of Water, Uses of Water, General concepts of water governance, International Laws (riparian and prior appropriation doctrines), Legal schemes for securing and allocating water rights in surface water and groundwater for private and public uses in Pakistan, Water Treatise and Accords (Indus Waters Treaty, Water Apportionment Accord, similar case studies), Institutional Framework, Groundwater management regimes, Issues and national water sector strategy, Evolving role of science, economics, and policy in water allocation law, Major paradigm shifts in water governance through integrated water resource management. Legislation on harmful effects of water.

History and scope of remote sensing, Concepts of remote sensing, Photogrammetry, Satellite characteristics, Remote sensing imagery types, Remote sensing satellites, Image resolution, Preprocessing, Image rectification, enhancement and classification, Accuracy assessment, Applications of satellite remote sensing in water resources i.e., for identifying drainage basin networks, for watershed dynamics analysis, flood inundation modeling and mapping, Evaluation of surface and ground water resources, Image processing software exercises, Introduction to Geographical Information Systems (GIS).

Introduction on the functions of reservoirs and possible problems, Operation purposes, Storage-yield concepts; flow-duration curve development, mass-curve analysis and sequent- peak analysis; Flood management and reservoir operation; formation and process of floods, Techniques for flood prevention in reservoirs, Relationship between flood management and reservoir operation, Reservoir simulation for flood control, urban water supply, hydropower and multipurpose operation, Automatic reservoir operation system; Sedimentation in reservoirs, Preventative methods for the sedimentation in reservoirs, Impacts of sedimentation on the function of reservoirs, Management for sedimentation in reservoirs and techniques for capacity restoration, Ecological environment in water reservoirs and protection & restoration techniques.

Water Supply and Sanitation Systems; options, standards and developments with sustainable performance and technical reliability. Water Supply Systems; raw water quality (surface and groundwater) and abstraction, pre-treatment and storage, water treatment processes and plants, water transport and distribution, Sanitation Systems; on-site and off-site sanitation systems, ecological sanitation concepts, sewerage and drainage systems wastewater treatment processes and plants, sludge management (treatment, disposal and reuse), Institutional arrangements and management options for providing water services. Finance issues at utility level; financing water organisations and undertaking cost-recovery.

Introduction/overview of irrigation and its purpose: horticulture, urban landscaping, agriculture, soilwater- plant relationships, irrigation water requirements, computation of evapotranspiration by various methods, performance evaluation of irrigation systems, surface irrigation system-design principles, Design of basin, border and furrow irrigation, Trickle irrigation and sprinkler irrigation – design and operation, irrigation management, irrigation and drainage interactions, environmental consideration.

Introduction to groundwater resources engineering and management, groundwater resources protection and water supply; Technical aspects as well as the legal, regulatory and policy aspects of groundwater resources management; Development of groundwater resource; simulation/optimisation models for GWM; embedding and response matrix approaches, Conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water and planning of groundwater resources projects.

Water quality parameters-Indicators, sources, causes and effects; Nature of water systems; Objectives and case studies of water quality management; Water quality monitoring, modeling and forecasting in water systems; Management practices and methodologies for reuse, recycling and treatment of contaminated water; A system approach to water quality management: Institutional, environmental, and ethical aspects.

Introduction to Forensic Engineering; Competencies and Qualifications of Forensic Engineers: qualifications, attributes competencies, technical skills, legal knowledge, detective skills, communication skills, personality characteristics etc. The Standard of Care: expert testimony, methods, validity, reliability, Delphi process of expert consensus; Civil Engineering Investigations: activities in investigation, site investigation, sampling and collection of evidence, preliminary findings, equipment and its selection, recording observations, photography, sample removal, eyewitness account, field tests, document collection and review, theoretical analysis, laboratory tests and investigation, office investigations determination of procedural responsibilities, reports; Ethics of Forensic Engineering: code of ethics, solicitation of work, contract process, testimony ethics, damage caused by unethical conduct, ethical standards for publication, interaction with media; The Legal Forum: role of forensic engineer as a witness in mediation and litigation, admissibility of testimony by forensic engineers, rules of evidence and testimony, testimony in courts and at deposition (preparation, demeanor, speech, direct examination, cross examination etc.), codes and guidelines (local and international) for professionals engaged as experts; The Business of Forensic Engineering: readiness, marketing, decisions, liability, insurance individual and group practice; National and International Case Studies.